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feat: match exercise order to book chapters (#541)

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Added exercise to book chapter mapping table to exercise README
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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# Exercise to Book Chapter mapping
| Exercise | Book Chapter |
|------------------------|--------------|
| variables | §3.1 |
| functions | §3.3 |
| if | §3.5 |
| move_semantics | §4.1 |
| primitive_types | §4.3 |
| structs | §5.1 |
| enums | §6 |
| modules | §7.2 |
| strings | §8.2 |
| error_handling | §9 |
| generics | §10 |
| option | §10.1 |
| traits | §10.2 |
| tests | §11.1 |
| standard_library_types | §13.2 |
| threads | §16.1 |
| macros | §19.6 |
| clippy | n/a |
| conversions | n/a |

634
info.toml
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@ -71,31 +71,6 @@ Read more about constants under 'Differences Between Variables and Constants' in
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html#differences-between-variables-and-constants https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html#differences-between-variables-and-constants
""" """
# IF
[[exercises]]
name = "if1"
path = "exercises/if/if1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
It's possible to do this in one line if you would like!
Some similar examples from other languages:
- In C(++) this would be: `a > b ? a : b`
- In Python this would be: `a if a > b else b`
Remember in Rust that:
- the `if` condition does not need to be surrounded by parentheses
- `if`/`else` conditionals are expressions
- Each condition is followed by a `{}` block."""
[[exercises]]
name = "if2"
path = "exercises/if/if2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
For that first compiler error, it's important in Rust that each conditional
block return the same type! To get the tests passing, you will need a couple
conditions checking different input values."""
# FUNCTIONS # FUNCTIONS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -146,6 +121,31 @@ They are not the same. There are two solutions:
1. Add a `return` ahead of `num * num;` 1. Add a `return` ahead of `num * num;`
2. remove `;`, make it to be `num * num`""" 2. remove `;`, make it to be `num * num`"""
# IF
[[exercises]]
name = "if1"
path = "exercises/if/if1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
It's possible to do this in one line if you would like!
Some similar examples from other languages:
- In C(++) this would be: `a > b ? a : b`
- In Python this would be: `a if a > b else b`
Remember in Rust that:
- the `if` condition does not need to be surrounded by parentheses
- `if`/`else` conditionals are expressions
- Each condition is followed by a `{}` block."""
[[exercises]]
name = "if2"
path = "exercises/if/if2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
For that first compiler error, it's important in Rust that each conditional
block return the same type! To get the tests passing, you will need a couple
conditions checking different input values."""
# TEST 1 # TEST 1
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -154,6 +154,62 @@ path = "exercises/quiz1.rs"
mode = "test" mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)" hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# MOVE SEMANTICS
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics1"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
So you've got the "cannot borrow immutable local variable `vec1` as mutable" error on line 13,
right? The fix for this is going to be adding one keyword, and the addition is NOT on line 13
where the error is."""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics2"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
So `vec0` is being *moved* into the function `fill_vec` when we call it on
line 10, which means it gets dropped at the end of `fill_vec`, which means we
can't use `vec0` again on line 13 (or anywhere else in `main` after the
`fill_vec` call for that matter). We could fix this in a few ways, try them
all!
1. Make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and pass that
to `fill_vec` instead.
2. Make `fill_vec` borrow its argument instead of taking ownership of it,
and then copy the data within the function in order to return an owned
`Vec<i32>`
3. Make `fill_vec` *mutably* borrow its argument (which will need to be
mutable), modify it directly, then not return anything. Then you can get rid
of `vec1` entirely -- note that this will change what gets printed by the
first `println!`"""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics3"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
The difference between this one and the previous ones is that the first line
of `fn fill_vec` that had `let mut vec = vec;` is no longer there. You can,
instead of adding that line back, add `mut` in one place that will change
an existing binding to be a mutable binding instead of an immutable one :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics4"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Stop reading whenever you feel like you have enough direction :) Or try
doing one step and then fixing the compiler errors that result!
So the end goal is to:
- get rid of the first line in main that creates the new vector
- so then `vec0` doesn't exist, so we can't pass it to `fill_vec`
- we don't want to pass anything to `fill_vec`, so its signature should
reflect that it does not take any arguments
- since we're not creating a new vec in `main` anymore, we need to create
a new vec in `fill_vec`, similarly to the way we did in `main`"""
# PRIMITIVE TYPES # PRIMITIVE TYPES
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -255,6 +311,51 @@ For calculate_transport_fees: Bigger is more expensive usually, we don't have si
Have a look in The Book, to find out more about method implementations: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch05-03-method-syntax.html""" Have a look in The Book, to find out more about method implementations: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch05-03-method-syntax.html"""
# ENUMS
[[exercises]]
name = "enums1"
path = "exercises/enums/enums1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Hint: The declaration of the enumeration type has not been defined yet."""
[[exercises]]
name = "enums2"
path = "exercises/enums/enums2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Hint: you can create enumerations that have different variants with different types
such as no data, anonymous structs, a single string, tuples, ...etc"""
[[exercises]]
name = "enums3"
path = "exercises/enums/enums3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# MODULES
[[exercises]]
name = "modules1"
path = "exercises/modules/modules1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Everything is private in Rust by default-- but there's a keyword we can use
to make something public! The compiler error should point to the thing that
needs to be public."""
[[exercises]]
name = "modules2"
path = "exercises/modules/modules2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
The delicious_snacks module is trying to present an external
interface (the `fruit` and `veggie` constants) that is different than
its internal structure (the `fruits` and `veggies` modules and
associated constants). It's almost there except for one keyword missing for
each constant."""
# STRINGS # STRINGS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -286,248 +387,6 @@ path = "exercises/quiz2.rs"
mode = "compile" mode = "compile"
hint = "No hints this time ;)" hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# ENUMS
[[exercises]]
name = "enums1"
path = "exercises/enums/enums1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Hint: The declaration of the enumeration type has not been defined yet."""
[[exercises]]
name = "enums2"
path = "exercises/enums/enums2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Hint: you can create enumerations that have different variants with different types
such as no data, anonymous structs, a single string, tuples, ...etc"""
[[exercises]]
name = "enums3"
path = "exercises/enums/enums3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# TESTS
[[exercises]]
name = "tests1"
path = "exercises/tests/tests1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
You don't even need to write any code to test -- you can just test values and run that, even
though you wouldn't do that in real life :) `assert!` is a macro that needs an argument.
Depending on the value of the argument, `assert!` will do nothing (in which case the test will
pass) or `assert!` will panic (in which case the test will fail). So try giving different values
to `assert!` and see which ones compile, which ones pass, and which ones fail :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "tests2"
path = "exercises/tests/tests2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Like the previous exercise, you don't need to write any code to get this test to compile and
run. `assert_eq!` is a macro that takes two arguments and compares them. Try giving it two
values that are equal! Try giving it two arguments that are different! Try giving it two values
that are of different types! Try switching which argument comes first and which comes second!"""
[[exercises]]
name = "tests3"
path = "exercises/tests/tests3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
You can call a function right where you're passing arguments to `assert!` -- so you could do
something like `assert!(having_fun())`. If you want to check that you indeed get false, you
can negate the result of what you're doing using `!`, like `assert!(!having_fun())`."""
# TEST 3
[[exercises]]
name = "quiz3"
path = "exercises/quiz3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# MODULES
[[exercises]]
name = "modules1"
path = "exercises/modules/modules1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Everything is private in Rust by default-- but there's a keyword we can use
to make something public! The compiler error should point to the thing that
needs to be public."""
[[exercises]]
name = "modules2"
path = "exercises/modules/modules2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
The delicious_snacks module is trying to present an external
interface (the `fruit` and `veggie` constants) that is different than
its internal structure (the `fruits` and `veggies` modules and
associated constants). It's almost there except for one keyword missing for
each constant."""
# COLLECTIONS
[[exercises]]
name = "collections1"
path = "exercises/collections/vec1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
In Rust, there are two ways to define a Vector.
1. One way is to use the `Vec::new()` function to create a new vector
and fill it with the `push()` method.
2. The second way, which is simpler is to use the `vec![]` macro and
define your elements inside the square brackets.
Check this chapter: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html
of the Rust book to learn more.
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "collections2"
path = "exercises/collections/vec2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Hint 1: `i` is each element from the Vec as they are being iterated.
Can you try multiplying this?
Hint 2: Check the suggestion from the compiler error ;)
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "collections3"
path = "exercises/collections/hashmap1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Hint 1: Take a look at the return type of the function to figure out
the type for the `basket`.
Hint 2: Number of fruits should be at least 5. And you have to put
at least three different types of fruits.
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "collections4"
path = "exercises/collections/hashmap2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Use the `entry()` and `or_insert()` methods of `HashMap` to achieve this.
Learn more at https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html#only-inserting-a-value-if-the-key-has-no-value
"""
# MACROS
[[exercises]]
name = "macros1"
path = "exercises/macros/macros1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
When you call a macro, you need to add something special compared to a
regular function call. If you're stuck, take a look at what's inside
`my_macro`."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros2"
path = "exercises/macros/macros2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Macros don't quite play by the same rules as the rest of Rust, in terms of
what's available where.
Unlike other things in Rust, the order of "where you define a macro" versus
"where you use it" actually matters."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros3"
path = "exercises/macros/macros3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
In order to use a macro outside of its module, you need to do something
special to the module to lift the macro out into its parent.
The same trick also works on "extern crate" statements for crates that have
exported macros, if you've seen any of those around."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros4"
path = "exercises/macros/macros4.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
You only need to add a single character to make this compile.
The way macros are written, it wants to see something between each
"macro arm", so it can separate them."""
# TEST 4
[[exercises]]
name = "quiz4"
path = "exercises/quiz4.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# MOVE SEMANTICS
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics1"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
So you've got the "cannot borrow immutable local variable `vec1` as mutable" error on line 13,
right? The fix for this is going to be adding one keyword, and the addition is NOT on line 13
where the error is."""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics2"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
So `vec0` is being *moved* into the function `fill_vec` when we call it on
line 10, which means it gets dropped at the end of `fill_vec`, which means we
can't use `vec0` again on line 13 (or anywhere else in `main` after the
`fill_vec` call for that matter). We could fix this in a few ways, try them
all!
1. Make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and pass that
to `fill_vec` instead.
2. Make `fill_vec` borrow its argument instead of taking ownership of it,
and then copy the data within the function in order to return an owned
`Vec<i32>`
3. Make `fill_vec` *mutably* borrow its argument (which will need to be
mutable), modify it directly, then not return anything. Then you can get rid
of `vec1` entirely -- note that this will change what gets printed by the
first `println!`"""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics3"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
The difference between this one and the previous ones is that the first line
of `fn fill_vec` that had `let mut vec = vec;` is no longer there. You can,
instead of adding that line back, add `mut` in one place that will change
an existing binding to be a mutable binding instead of an immutable one :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics4"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Stop reading whenever you feel like you have enough direction :) Or try
doing one step and then fixing the compiler errors that result!
So the end goal is to:
- get rid of the first line in main that creates the new vector
- so then `vec0` doesn't exist, so we can't pass it to `fill_vec`
- we don't want to pass anything to `fill_vec`, so its signature should
reflect that it does not take any arguments
- since we're not creating a new vec in `main` anymore, we need to create
a new vec in `fill_vec`, similarly to the way we did in `main`"""
# ERROR HANDLING # ERROR HANDLING
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -607,6 +466,40 @@ get a warning if you don't handle a `Result` that you get in your
function. Read more about that in the `std::result` module docs: function. Read more about that in the `std::result` module docs:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/#results-must-be-used""" https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/#results-must-be-used"""
# Generics
[[exercises]]
name = "generics1"
path = "exercises/generics/generics1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Vectors in rust make use of generics to create dynamically sized arrays of any type.
You need to tell the compiler what type we are pushing onto this vector."""
[[exercises]]
name = "generics2"
path = "exercises/generics/generics2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Currently we are wrapping only values of type 'u32'.
Maybe we could update the explicit references to this data type somehow?
If you are still stuck https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html#in-method-definitions
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "generics3"
path = "exercises/generics/generics3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
To find the best solution to this challenge you're going to need to think back to your
knowledge of traits, specifically Trait Bound Syntax - you may also need this: "use std::fmt::Display;"
This is definitely harder than the last two exercises! You need to think about not only making the
ReportCard struct generic, but also the correct property - you will need to change the implementation
of the struct slightly too...you can do it!
"""
# OPTIONS / RESULTS # OPTIONS / RESULTS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -649,21 +542,67 @@ hint = """
It should be doing some checking, returning an `Err` result if those checks fail, and only It should be doing some checking, returning an `Err` result if those checks fail, and only
returning an `Ok` result if those checks determine that everything is... okay :)""" returning an `Ok` result if those checks determine that everything is... okay :)"""
# CLIPPY # TRAITS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
name = "clippy1" name = "traits1"
path = "exercises/clippy/clippy1.rs" path = "exercises/traits/traits1.rs"
mode = "clippy" mode = "test"
hint = """ hint = """
Floating point calculations are usually imprecise, so asking if two values are exactly equal is asking for trouble""" A discussion about Traits in Rust can be found at:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-02-traits.html
"""
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
name = "clippy2" name = "traits2"
path = "exercises/clippy/clippy2.rs" path = "exercises/traits/traits2.rs"
mode = "clippy" mode = "test"
hint = """ hint = """
`for` loops over Option values are more clearly expressed as an `if let`""" Notice how the trait takes ownership of 'self',and returns `Self'.
Try mutating the incoming string vector.
Vectors provide suitable methods for adding an element at the end. See
the documentation at: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html"""
# TESTS
[[exercises]]
name = "tests1"
path = "exercises/tests/tests1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
You don't even need to write any code to test -- you can just test values and run that, even
though you wouldn't do that in real life :) `assert!` is a macro that needs an argument.
Depending on the value of the argument, `assert!` will do nothing (in which case the test will
pass) or `assert!` will panic (in which case the test will fail). So try giving different values
to `assert!` and see which ones compile, which ones pass, and which ones fail :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "tests2"
path = "exercises/tests/tests2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Like the previous exercise, you don't need to write any code to get this test to compile and
run. `assert_eq!` is a macro that takes two arguments and compares them. Try giving it two
values that are equal! Try giving it two arguments that are different! Try giving it two values
that are of different types! Try switching which argument comes first and which comes second!"""
[[exercises]]
name = "tests3"
path = "exercises/tests/tests3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
You can call a function right where you're passing arguments to `assert!` -- so you could do
something like `assert!(having_fun())`. If you want to check that you indeed get false, you
can negate the result of what you're doing using `!`, like `assert!(!having_fun())`."""
# TEST 3
[[exercises]]
name = "quiz3"
path = "exercises/quiz3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# STANDARD LIBRARY TYPES # STANDARD LIBRARY TYPES
@ -697,27 +636,6 @@ inside the loop but still in the main thread.
`child_numbers` should be a clone of the Arc of the numbers instead of a `child_numbers` should be a clone of the Arc of the numbers instead of a
thread-local copy of the numbers.""" thread-local copy of the numbers."""
[[exercises]]
name = "iterators1"
path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Step 1:
We need to apply something to the collection `my_fav_fruits` before we start to go through
it. What could that be? Take a look at the struct definition for a vector for inspiration:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html.
Step 2 & step 2.1:
Very similar to the lines above and below. You've got this!
Step 3:
An iterator goes through all elements in a collection, but what if we've run out of
elements? What should we expect here? If you're stuck, take a look at
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html for some ideas.
"""
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
name = "iterators2" name = "iterators2"
path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators2.rs" path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators2.rs"
@ -761,62 +679,6 @@ a mutable variable. Or, you might write code utilizing recursion
and a match clause. In Rust you can take another functional and a match clause. In Rust you can take another functional
approach, computing the factorial elegantly with ranges and iterators.""" approach, computing the factorial elegantly with ranges and iterators."""
# TRAITS
[[exercises]]
name = "traits1"
path = "exercises/traits/traits1.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
A discussion about Traits in Rust can be found at:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-02-traits.html
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "traits2"
path = "exercises/traits/traits2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Notice how the trait takes ownership of 'self',and returns `Self'.
Try mutating the incoming string vector.
Vectors provide suitable methods for adding an element at the end. See
the documentation at: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html"""
# Generics
[[exercises]]
name = "generics1"
path = "exercises/generics/generics1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Vectors in rust make use of generics to create dynamically sized arrays of any type.
You need to tell the compiler what type we are pushing onto this vector."""
[[exercises]]
name = "generics2"
path = "exercises/generics/generics2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Currently we are wrapping only values of type 'u32'.
Maybe we could update the explicit references to this data type somehow?
If you are still stuck https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html#in-method-definitions
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "generics3"
path = "exercises/generics/generics3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
To find the best solution to this challenge you're going to need to think back to your
knowledge of traits, specifically Trait Bound Syntax - you may also need this: "use std::fmt::Display;"
This is definitely harder than the last two exercises! You need to think about not only making the
ReportCard struct generic, but also the correct property - you will need to change the implementation
of the struct slightly too...you can do it!
"""
# THREADS # THREADS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]
@ -856,6 +718,72 @@ If you've learned from the sample solutions, I encourage you to come
back to this exercise and try it again in a few days to reinforce back to this exercise and try it again in a few days to reinforce
what you've learned :)""" what you've learned :)"""
# MACROS
[[exercises]]
name = "macros1"
path = "exercises/macros/macros1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
When you call a macro, you need to add something special compared to a
regular function call. If you're stuck, take a look at what's inside
`my_macro`."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros2"
path = "exercises/macros/macros2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
Macros don't quite play by the same rules as the rest of Rust, in terms of
what's available where.
Unlike other things in Rust, the order of "where you define a macro" versus
"where you use it" actually matters."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros3"
path = "exercises/macros/macros3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
In order to use a macro outside of its module, you need to do something
special to the module to lift the macro out into its parent.
The same trick also works on "extern crate" statements for crates that have
exported macros, if you've seen any of those around."""
[[exercises]]
name = "macros4"
path = "exercises/macros/macros4.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
You only need to add a single character to make this compile.
The way macros are written, it wants to see something between each
"macro arm", so it can separate them."""
# TEST 4
[[exercises]]
name = "quiz4"
path = "exercises/quiz4.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = "No hints this time ;)"
# CLIPPY
[[exercises]]
name = "clippy1"
path = "exercises/clippy/clippy1.rs"
mode = "clippy"
hint = """
Floating point calculations are usually imprecise, so asking if two values are exactly equal is asking for trouble"""
[[exercises]]
name = "clippy2"
path = "exercises/clippy/clippy2.rs"
mode = "clippy"
hint = """
`for` loops over Option values are more clearly expressed as an `if let`"""
# TYPE CONVERSIONS # TYPE CONVERSIONS
[[exercises]] [[exercises]]