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ZealOS/docs/Doc/GuideLines.DD.html
TomAwezome dbf8647d59 Fixed non-writable drive throw on F5 and Ctrl-S. 
Added top & right borders to RawDr.
Improved spacing in some debug and compiler reporting.
Fixed RawPutChar and EdLite tab width.
Fixed Ui missing '0x' prefix syntax highlighter bug.
Added 32BitPaint demo.
2021-07-14 18:38:02 -04:00

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<pre style="font-family:monospace;font-size:12pt">
<a name="l1"></a><span class=cF5> Directory Structure</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l2"></a>
<a name="l3"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0> All your user data should be placed in here to ease backing-up your data. When you install an application it will
<a name="l4"></a>create a subdirectory of your </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0> directory for storage.
<a name="l5"></a>
<a name="l6"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Apps</span><span class=cF0> Applications are placed in subdirectories of </span><span class=cF2>/Apps</span><span class=cF0>. Applications should have a file called </span><span class=cF2>Install.CC</span><span class=cF0> which will
<a name="l7"></a>install the app, possibly making files or directories in </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0>. The file, </span><span class=cF2>Load.CC</span><span class=cF0> will load the application into mem. The
<a name="l8"></a>file, </span><span class=cF2>Run.CC</span><span class=cF0>, will usually load and execute the app. To add an app to your PersonalMenu, use </span><span class=cF2>&lt;CTRL-l&gt;</span><span class=cF0>, insert a macro with
<a name="l9"></a>the PopUp option checked and invoke the </span><span class=cF2>Run.CC</span><span class=cF0> file.
<a name="l10"></a>
<a name="l11"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Demo</span><span class=cF0> Here you can find lots of sample code to do various things.
<a name="l12"></a>
<a name="l13"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Doc</span><span class=cF0> Here you can find documentation.
<a name="l14"></a>
<a name="l15"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Kernel</span><span class=cF0> The core of the operating system is found here. Since priviledge levels are not used, calling it a </span><span class=cF2>kernel</span><span class=cF0> is
<a name="l16"></a>deceptive. It is </span><span class=cF2>AOT</span><span class=cF0> compiled by </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/System/Boot/BootHDIns.CC.html#l24"><span class=cF4>BootHDIns</span></a><span class=cF0>(). It is loaded by the boot loader and must fit in 640K.
<a name="l17"></a>
<a name="l18"></a></span><span class=cF2>/Compiler</span><span class=cF0> The compiler module src code is found here. The compiler is </span><span class=cF2>AOT</span><span class=cF0> compiled to produce a binary file which is loaded
<a name="l19"></a>at boot. It, too, is </span><span class=cF2>AOT</span><span class=cF0> compiled by </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/System/Boot/BootHDIns.CC.html#l24"><span class=cF4>BootHDIns</span></a><span class=cF0>().
<a name="l20"></a>
<a name="l21"></a></span><span class=cF2>/System</span><span class=cF0> The non-kernel part of the operating system is found here. It is </span><span class=cF2>JIT</span><span class=cF0> compiled during boot. The </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l154"><span class=cF4>System Task</span></a><span class=cF0> is the
<a name="l22"></a>most important task. It never dies.
<a name="l23"></a>
<a name="l24"></a></span><span class=cF2>/0000Boot</span><span class=cF0> Boot files go here. Stage 2 of the ZealOS hard drive master boot loader, the old hard drive master boot record
<a name="l25"></a>which is just blk#0, and the CD/DVD </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/Kernel.PRJ.html#l1"><span class=cF4>0000Kernel.BIN.C</span></a><span class=cF0> file go here. ASCII </span><span class=cF2>0000</span><span class=cF0> is near the top, alphabetically, in case you
<a name="l26"></a>use </span><a href="http://www.magiciso.com"><span class=cF0>MagicISO</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l27"></a>
<a name="l28"></a>
<a name="l29"></a>
<a name="l30"></a></span><span class=cF5> ::/Home Files</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l31"></a>
<a name="l32"></a>The home dir is specified with </span><span class=cF2>'~'</span><span class=cF0>. The home dir is </span><span class=cF2>::/Home</span><span class=cF0> unless you change it with </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/BlkDev/DiskDirB.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>HomeSet</span></a><span class=cF0>() or compile the kernel with a
<a name="l33"></a>config option. An empty </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0> dir should be valid because it will get default files from the root dir.
<a name="l34"></a></span><span class=cF4>
<a name="l35"></a></span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Home/PersonalMenu.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>~/PersonalMenu.DD</span></a><span class=cF0> a menu viewed with the </span><span class=cF2>&lt;CTRL-m&gt;</span><span class=cF0> key or by clicking &quot;</span><span class=cF2>MENU</span><span class=cF0>&quot; in the upper left border area of a window.
<a name="l36"></a></span><span class=cF4>
<a name="l37"></a></span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Home/PersonalNotes.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>~/PersonalNotes.DD</span></a><span class=cF0> a personal note file viewed with the </span><span class=cF2>&lt;CTRL-SHIFT-M&gt;</span><span class=cF0> key.
<a name="l38"></a></span><span class=cF4>
<a name="l39"></a></span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Home/MakeHome.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>~/MakeHome.CC</span></a><span class=cF0> a file compiled by the </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l154"><span class=cF4>System Task</span></a><span class=cF0> during </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/StartOS.CC.html#l41"><span class=cF4>StartOS</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l40"></a>
<a name="l41"></a></span><span class=cF4>~/Home*</span><span class=cF0> Copy </span><span class=cF2>Home*</span><span class=cF0> files from the root into </span><span class=cF2>~</span><span class=cF0> and customize them. These files are invoked when the </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l154"><span class=cF4>System Task</span></a><span class=cF0> starts-up.
<a name="l42"></a></span><span class=cF4>
<a name="l43"></a></span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Home/Once.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>~/Once.CC</span></a><span class=cF0> a file invoked at the start-up of the first user. Customize this!
<a name="l44"></a></span><span class=cF4>
<a name="l45"></a></span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Home/Registry.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>~/Registry.CC</span></a><span class=cF0> can be edited by hand or deleted to reset to defaults. Takes affect next boot.
<a name="l46"></a>
<a name="l47"></a>
<a name="l48"></a>
<a name="l49"></a></span><span class=cF5> Application Policies</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l50"></a>
<a name="l51"></a>* Place applications in their own </span><span class=cF2>/Apps</span><span class=cF0> subdirectory.
<a name="l52"></a>
<a name="l53"></a>* Make a file called </span><span class=cF2>Load.CC</span><span class=cF0> to load the application.
<a name="l54"></a>
<a name="l55"></a>* Make a file called </span><span class=cF2>Run.CC</span><span class=cF0> to load and run the application, preferable by </span><span class=cF2>#include</span><span class=cF0>ing the </span><span class=cF2>Load.CC</span><span class=cF0> file.
<a name="l56"></a>
<a name="l57"></a>* Place user data in a subdirectory of </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0>, preferably naming the subdirectory the same as the </span><span class=cF2>/Apps</span><span class=cF0> subdirectory. Or,
<a name="l58"></a>place data in the </span><span class=cF2>Registry.CC</span><span class=cF0> file. See </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Demo/RegistryDemo.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>::/Demo/RegistryDemo.CC</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l59"></a>
<a name="l60"></a>* If the app needs files in the </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0> directory, make an </span><span class=cF2>/Apps</span><span class=cF0> file called </span><span class=cF2>Install.CC</span><span class=cF0> or </span><span class=cF2>Install.IN</span><span class=cF0> to create the </span><span class=cF2>/Home</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l61"></a>subdirectory.
<a name="l62"></a>
<a name="l63"></a>
<a name="l64"></a>
<a name="l65"></a></span><span class=cF5> Programming Guidelines</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l66"></a>
<a name="l67"></a>* Virtual mem/Paging is not used -- it is identity mapped in </span><span class=cF2>x86_64</span><span class=cF0> mode. The stack does not grow, so alloc enough when the
<a name="l68"></a>task (process) is </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KTask.CC.html#l264"><span class=cF4>Spawn</span></a><span class=cF0>ed and use the heap for most things. (The </span><span class=cF2>heap</span><span class=cF0> refers to </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/Memory/MAllocFree.CC.html#l391"><span class=cF4>MAlloc</span></a><span class=cF0>() and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/Memory/MAllocFree.CC.html#l387"><span class=cF4>Free</span></a><span class=cF0>().)
<a name="l69"></a>
<a name="l70"></a>* You can </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/Memory/MAllocFree.CC.html#l387"><span class=cF4>Free</span></a><span class=cF0>(</span><span class=cF2>NULL</span><span class=cF0>).
<a name="l71"></a>
<a name="l72"></a>* See </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l260"><span class=cF4>Naming Convention</span></a><span class=cF0> and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l3"><span class=cF4>Abbreviations</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l73"></a>
<a name="l74"></a>* There are two modes of compiling, </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l179"><span class=cF4>AOT Compile Mode</span></a><span class=cF0> and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l187"><span class=cF4>JIT Compile Mode</span></a><span class=cF0>. Compilation is done in both -- neither is
<a name="l75"></a>&quot;interpreted&quot;. Use </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Glossary.DD.html#l187"><span class=cF4>JIT Mode</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l76"></a>
<a name="l77"></a>* </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/CosmiC.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>CosmiC</span></a><span class=cF0>
<a name="l78"></a>
<a name="l79"></a>* Use </span><span class=cF2>I64</span><span class=cF0> instead of smaller int sizes because the compiler converts everything to 64-bit. Don't use unsigned unless it
<a name="l80"></a>actually breaks. A policy of signed keeps it simple so you don't have to agonize over choices.
<a name="l81"></a>
<a name="l82"></a> </span><span class=cF9>U32</span><span class=cF0> DistDist(</span><span class=cF9>U16</span><span class=cF0> x1, </span><span class=cF9>U16</span><span class=cF0> y1, </span><span class=cF9>U16</span><span class=cF0> x2, </span><span class=cF9>U16</span><span class=cF0> y2)
<a name="l83"></a> {</span><span class=cF2>//This requires zero-extend when fetching args.</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l84"></a> </span><span class=cF1>return</span><span class=cF0> </span><span class=cF5>SqrI64</span><span class=cF0>(x1 - x2) + </span><span class=cF5>SqrI64</span><span class=cF0>(y1 - y2);
<a name="l85"></a> }
<a name="l86"></a>
<a name="l87"></a> </span><span class=cF9>I64</span><span class=cF0> DistDist(</span><span class=cF9>I64</span><span class=cF0> x1, </span><span class=cF9>I64</span><span class=cF0> y1, </span><span class=cF9>I64</span><span class=cF0> x2, </span><span class=cF9>I64</span><span class=cF0> y2)
<a name="l88"></a> {
<a name="l89"></a> </span><span class=cF1>return</span><span class=cF0> </span><span class=cF5>SqrI64</span><span class=cF0>(x1 - x2) + </span><span class=cF5>SqrI64</span><span class=cF0>(y1 - y2);
<a name="l90"></a> }
<a name="l91"></a>
<a name="l92"></a>* In-order, short circuit logic is assumed.
<a name="l93"></a>
<a name="l94"></a>* Avoid boolean expression assignments. Boolean assignments don't have short circuit logic and are not compiled efficiently.
<a name="l95"></a>The </span><span class=cF2>Bool</span><span class=cF0> type is just an alias for a 1 byte signed int -- nothing forces it to </span><span class=cF2>1</span><span class=cF0> or </span><span class=cF2>0</span><span class=cF0>. There is a </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelB.HH.html#l90"><span class=cF4>ToBool</span></a><span class=cF0>() function that will
<a name="l96"></a>for to </span><span class=cF2>1</span><span class=cF0> ot </span><span class=cF2>0</span><span class=cF0>, however.
<a name="l97"></a>
<a name="l98"></a>* Global vars in </span><span class=cF2>AOT</span><span class=cF0> BIN modules are initialized to zero. They occupy space in BIN files.
<a name="l99"></a>
<a name="l100"></a>* Bracketing code with </span><span class=cF2>PUSHFD CLI</span><span class=cF0> and </span><span class=cF2>POPFD</span><span class=cF0> will protect against simultaneous accesses from tasks on <u>one</u> core. To protect
<a name="l101"></a>against multiple cores, you need a locked semaphore. Semaphores might need to be in their own cache line. Lock bits are used
<a name="l102"></a>in a lot of places not aligned.
<a name="l103"></a>
<a name="l104"></a>* </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KMisc.CC.html#l247"><span class=cF4>SysDebug</span></a><span class=cF0>() and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KMisc.CC.html#l252"><span class=cF4>IsSysDebug</span></a><span class=cF0>() are really handy when working on the compiler or kernel. It's just a bit you can set and test.
<a name="l105"></a>
<a name="l106"></a>* </span><span class=cF2>U0 *</span><span class=cF0> is not used because the size is zero for ptr arithmetic.
<a name="l107"></a>
<a name="l108"></a>* Do not use </span><span class=cF2>#if</span><span class=cF0> or </span><span class=cF2>#ifdef</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l109"></a>
<a name="l110"></a>
<a name="l111"></a>
<a name="l112"></a></span><span class=cF5> Hash Sym Tables</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l113"></a>
<a name="l114"></a>* See </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/System/ZHash.CC.html#l1"><span class=cF4>::/System/ZHash.CC</span></a><span class=cF0> for examples of how the hash tables are set-up. Basically, syms are placed into hash tables and
<a name="l115"></a>child process hash tables are chained to parents. This provides scopes for vars and functions.
<a name="l116"></a>
<a name="l117"></a>* </span><span class=cF2>sys_task-&gt;hash_table</span><span class=cF0> holds the </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/CosmiC.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>CosmiC</span></a><span class=cF0> syms loaded in on start-up.
<a name="l118"></a>
<a name="l119"></a>* </span><span class=cF2>Fs-&gt;hash_table</span><span class=cF0> holds user CosmiC syms and if a sym is not found, it checks parents. When a duplicate sym is added to the
<a name="l120"></a>table, it overshadows the prev sym. When developing software, typically you include the file at the cmd prompt, make changes
<a name="l121"></a>and reinclude it. Old syms are overshadowed but they are still there. Periodically, kill the TASK and start fresh when mem
<a name="l122"></a>is low. If you wish your applications to free themselves instead of staying in mem, spawn or </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/Job.CC.html#l447"><span class=cF4>PopUp</span></a><span class=cF0>() a task to run the
<a name="l123"></a>application and kill it when it's done.
<a name="l124"></a>
<a name="l125"></a>* To display the contents of a hash table, use the </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/System/Hash.CC.html#l169"><span class=cF4>Who</span></a><span class=cF0>() routine or the varients. </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/System/Hash.CC.html#l370"><span class=cF4>HashDepthRep</span></a><span class=cF0>() gives a histogram of how
<a name="l126"></a>long the chains are, in case you wish to make hash table sizes bigger.
<a name="l127"></a>
<a name="l128"></a>
<a name="l129"></a>
<a name="l130"></a></span><span class=cF5> Assembly Language</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l131"></a>
<a name="l132"></a>See </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/Asm.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>::/Doc/Asm.DD</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l133"></a>
<a name="l134"></a>* </span><span class=cF2>FS</span><span class=cF0> must always point to the cur </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l3941"><span class=cF4>CTask</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l135"></a>
<a name="l136"></a>* </span><span class=cF2>GS</span><span class=cF0> must always point to the cur </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l4060"><span class=cF4>CCPU</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l137"></a>
<a name="l138"></a>* Don't change the segment regs unless interrupts are off. It's hard to do, anyway. </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KUtils.CC.html#l536"><span class=cF4>SET_FS_BASE</span></a><span class=cF0> and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KUtils.CC.html#l522"><span class=cF4>SET_GS_BASE</span></a><span class=cF0>.
<a name="l139"></a>
<a name="l140"></a>* When interacting with </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/CosmiC.DD.html#l1"><span class=cF4>CosmiC</span></a><span class=cF0> compiled code, preserve </span><span class=cF2>RBP, RSI, RDI, R10-R15</span><span class=cF0> because the compiler uses these for reg vars. Yo
<a name="l141"></a>u are free to clobber </span><span class=cF2>RAX, RBX, RCX, RDX</span><span class=cF0>, </span><span class=cF2>R8</span><span class=cF0> and </span><span class=cF2>R9</span><span class=cF0>. See </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l1939"><span class=cF4>Compiler Reg Masks</span></a><span class=cF0>, </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l1911"><span class=cF4>PUSH_C_REGS</span></a><span class=cF0> and </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l1912"><span class=cF4>POP_C_REGS</span></a><span class=cF0>
<a name="l142"></a>
<a name="l143"></a>* It is recommended to use the standard stack frame for functions because </span><a href="https://tomawezome.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KDebug.CC.html#l53"><span class=cF4>Caller</span></a><span class=cF0>() is used to display the call stack, such as
<a name="l144"></a>for the wallpaper.
<a name="l145"></a></span><span class=cF2> PUSH RBP
<a name="l146"></a> MOV RBP, RSP
<a name="l147"></a> SUB RSP, nnnn
<a name="l148"></a>...
<a name="l149"></a> LEAVE
<a name="l150"></a> RET
<a name="l151"></a></span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l152"></a>* The args are removed from the stack with </span><span class=cF2>RET1</span><span class=cF0> statements.
<a name="l153"></a>
<a name="l154"></a> </span><span class=cF2>RET1 16 //remove two args</span><span class=cF0>
<a name="l155"></a>
<a name="l156"></a>* No args are passed in regs.
<a name="l157"></a>
<a name="l158"></a>* RAX holds function return values, of course.
<a name="l159"></a></span><span class=cF8>
<a name="l160"></a>* &quot;MagicISO&quot; is a trademark owned by MagicISO Corp.
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