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< a name = "l1" > < / a > < span class = cF2 > /*< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l2" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > " Fixed point" means you use ints< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l3" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > that are scaled by a value. A common< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l4" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > example would be using number of pennies< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l5" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > instead of dollars with a float.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l6" > < / a >
< a name = "l7" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > Fixed-point used to be much < / span > < a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X87" > < span class = cF2 > faster< / span > < / a > < span class = cF2 > ,< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l8" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > but modern processors do well with< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l9" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > floats. It also depends on the compiler< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l10" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > and the CosmiC compiler is poor with floats.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l11" > < / a >
< a name = "l12" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > Terry often used 64-bit ints with upper 32-bits< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l13" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > as int and lower 32-bits as fraction.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l14" > < / a >
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< a name = "l15" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > See < / span > < a href = "https://zeal-operating-system.github.io/ZealOS/Demo/SubIntAccess.CC.html#l1" > < span class = cF4 > ::/Demo/SubIntAccess.CC< / span > < / a > < span class = cF2 > for how< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l16" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > to access upper or lower 32-bits.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l17" > < / a >
< a name = "l18" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > For a complete list of nonstandard compiler< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l19" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > features, see < / span > < a href = "https://zeal-operating-system.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/CosmiC.DD.html#l1" > < span class = cF4 > ::/Doc/CosmiC.DD< / span > < / a > < span class = cF2 > .< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l20" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > */< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l21" > < / a >
< a name = "l22" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF1 > U0< / span > < span class = cF0 > Main()
< a name = "l23" > < / a > {
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< a name = "l24" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF1 > F64< / span > < span class = cF0 > t0, f_sum=< / span > < span class = cFE > 0< / span > < span class = cF0 > , f_val;
< a name = "l25" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF9 > I64< / span > < span class = cF0 > i , i_sum=< / span > < span class = cFE > 0< / span > < span class = cF0 > , i_val;
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< a name = "l26" > < / a >
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< a name = "l27" > < / a > i_val = < / span > < span class = cFE > 2< / span > < span class = cF0 > .< / span > < span class = cFE > 0000002< / span > < span class = cF0 > * < / span > < span class = cFE > 0x100000000< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l28" > < / a > t0 = < / span > < span class = cF5 > tS< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l29" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF1 > for< / span > < span class = cF0 > (i = < / span > < span class = cFE > 1000000000< / span > < span class = cF0 > ; i; i--)
< a name = "l30" > < / a > i_sum += i_val;
< a name = "l31" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " Int Sum\t\t:%.9f Time:%7.3fs\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i_sum / < / span > < span class = cF5 > ToF64< / span > < span class = cF0 > (< / span > < span class = cFE > 0x100000000< / span > < span class = cF0 > ), < / span > < span class = cF5 > tS< / span > < span class = cF0 > - t0;
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< a name = "l32" > < / a >
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< a name = "l33" > < / a > f_val = < / span > < span class = cFE > 2< / span > < span class = cF0 > .< / span > < span class = cFE > 0000002< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l34" > < / a > t0 = < / span > < span class = cF5 > tS< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l35" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF1 > for< / span > < span class = cF0 > (i = < / span > < span class = cFE > 1000000000< / span > < span class = cF0 > ; i; i--)
< a name = "l36" > < / a > f_sum += f_val;
< a name = "l37" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " Float Sum\t:%.9f Time:%7.3fs\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , f_sum, < / span > < span class = cF5 > tS< / span > < span class = cF0 > - t0;
< a name = "l38" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > '\n'< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
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< a name = "l39" > < / a > }
< a name = "l40" > < / a >
< a name = "l41" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF1 > U0< / span > < span class = cF0 > DoIt2()
< a name = "l42" > < / a > {
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< a name = "l43" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF9 > I64< / span > < span class = cF0 > i = < / span > < span class = cFE > 0x123456789ABCDEF0< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l44" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " i\t\t=%X\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i;
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< a name = "l45" > < / a >
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< a name = "l46" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " i& 0xFFFFFFFF\t=%X\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i & < / span > < span class = cFE > 0xFFFFFFFF< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l47" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " i> > 32\t\t=%X\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i > > < / span > < span class = cFE > 32< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
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< a name = "l48" > < / a >
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< a name = "l49" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > /*< / span > < span class = cF0 > < / span > < span class = cF2 > Standard int types are declared< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l50" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > with a special compiler feature which< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l51" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > allows a structure to be accessed as a< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l52" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > whole. That's why the i variable can< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l53" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > be accessed normally in addition to< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l54" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > structure member access < / span > < a href = "https://zeal-operating-system.github.io/ZealOS/Kernel/KernelA.HH.html#l103" > < span class = cF4 > I64< / span > < / a > < span class = cF2 > . The actual< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l55" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > intrinsic compiler type is U64i.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l56" > < / a >
< a name = "l57" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > public U64i union I64< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l58" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > {< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l59" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > I8i i8[8];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l60" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > U8i u8[8];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l61" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > I16 i16[4];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l62" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > U16 u16[4];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l63" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > I32 i32[2];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l64" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > U32 u32[2];< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l65" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > };< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l66" > < / a >
< a name = "l67" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > It's not quite as great as it seems< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l68" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > because the compiler decides it cannot< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l69" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > place i into a reg, so there is a< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l70" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > penalty.< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l71" > < / a >
< a name = "l72" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > For a complete list of nonstandard compiler< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l73" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > features, see < / span > < a href = "https://zeal-operating-system.github.io/ZealOS/Doc/CosmiC.DD.html#l1" > < span class = cF4 > ::/Doc/CosmiC.DD< / span > < / a > < span class = cF2 > .< / span > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l74" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > */< / span > < span class = cF0 >
< a name = "l75" > < / a >
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< a name = "l76" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " i.u32[0]\t=%X\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i.u32[< / span > < span class = cFE > 0< / span > < span class = cF0 > ];
< a name = "l77" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF6 > " i.u32[1]\t=%X\n" < / span > < span class = cF0 > , i.u32[< / span > < span class = cFE > 1< / span > < span class = cF0 > ];
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< a name = "l78" > < / a > }
< a name = "l79" > < / a >
< a name = "l80" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF5 > CPURep< / span > < span class = cF0 > ;
< a name = "l81" > < / a > Main;
< a name = "l82" > < / a > DoIt2;
< a name = "l83" > < / a >
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< a name = "l84" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > //See < / span > < a href = "https://zeal-operating-system.github.io/ZealOS/Demo/Lectures/FixedPointAdvanced.CC.html#l1" > < span class = cF4 > ::/Demo/Lectures/FixedPointAdvanced.CC< / span > < / a > < span class = cF0 >
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< a name = "l85" > < / a >
< a name = "l86" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > /*Program Output< / span > < span class = cF1 >
< a name = "l87" > < / a >
< a name = "l88" > < / a > 16 Cores 3.500GHz
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< a name = "l89" > < / a > Int Sum :2000000199.768690240 Time: 0.803s
< a name = "l90" > < / a > Float Sum :2000000225.656127040 Time: 3.615s
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< a name = "l91" > < / a >
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< a name = "l92" > < / a > i =123456789ABCDEF0
< a name = "l93" > < / a > i& 0xFFFFFFFF =9ABCDEF0
< a name = "l94" > < / a > i> > 32 =12345678
< a name = "l95" > < / a > i.u32[0] =9ABCDEF0
< a name = "l96" > < / a > i.u32[1] =12345678
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< a name = "l97" > < / a > < / span > < span class = cF2 > */< / span > < span class = cF1 >
< / span > < / pre > < / body >
< / html >
